WEST JAVA - INDONESIA

Of the 17,000 islands that make up the archipelago of the Republic of Indonesia, Java has historically been considered the heartland. Where Java has led-culturally, economically and politically down through the centuries, other regions have followed. On Java, still the most densely populated island of Indonesia, there are five Provinces. West Java is the largest, with the greatest population, and, some would claim, with the most pride.

West Java Province is located at part of western Java Island. The enchanting of Sunda land stretches from Sunda Strait in the west to the borders of Central Java in the east. The locals' people know West Java Province as the Land of Sunda. The region is primarily mountainous, with rich green valleys hugging lofty volcanic peaks, many of which surround the capital of West Java province. The history of West Java is a story of trade, spices, and the rise and fall of powerful kingdoms. In the late 1500's the region was ruled from mighty Cirebon, which still survives as a sultanate today, although a shadow of its former glory. West Java was of the first contact points in Indonesia for Indian traders and their cultural influences, and it was here that the Dutch and British first set foot in the archipelago.

This province has its own unique culture and language, both called Sundanese that is also used to call its people. The ancient kingdoms of Tarumanegara, Pajajaran, Banten and Cirebon would make interesting studies for the student of archaeology. Cirebon is located on the border between West and Central Java, having a mixed culture originating from the ancient Cirebon and Banten kingdoms, resulting in similar customs and dialects of the two people, although Banten is located at the extreme western part of the province.
West Java province its self, is formed based on the Constitution number 11/1950 on the establishment of West Java. With the issuance of Constitution number 23/2000 on Banten Province, West Java Governor Assisting Territory I Banten was inaugurated as Banten Province with its territories comprising Serang Regency, Pandeglang Regency, Lebak Regency, Tangerang Regency and Mayoralty, and Cilegon Mayoralty. After the change, at present West Java consists of 18 regencies, nine mayoralties, 584 districts, 5,201 villages and 609 sub districts.
The capital city of West Java province is Bandung city. Bandung is situated 180 km southeast of Jakarta. The city gamed fame in 1955 as the venue for the first Afro-Asian Conference, which brought together the leaders of 29 Asian, and African nations with the aim to promote economic and cultural relations and take a common stand against colonialism.

The road from Jakarta to Bandung passes through a beautiful panorama of mountains, paddy fields and small holiday resorts. An expressway connects the crowded capital city with Bogor and the mountain areas, and onward to Bandung. It has a number of sea resorts on its western and southern coasts, which have modern hotels and are popular during the weekends. The Sundanese people are soft-spoken. The women of the Bandung region are known for their beauty. A lighthearted people who have a love for bright colors, their mournful "kecapi" music is memory of beautiful legends.

POPULATION

Based on the national census in 1999, West Java population after the separation of Banten stood at 34,555,622 people. In 2000, based on another census, the population grew to 35,500,611 people with population density of 1,022 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population growth between 1990 and 2000 reached 2.17 %. In 2003, the population has increased to 38,059,540 people with population density of 1,064 inhabitants per square kilometer.

CLIMATE

West Java has tropical climate with temperature reaching 9 degrees Celsius at the Peak of Mount Pangrango and 34 degrees Celsius in north beach. The average rainfall is at 2,000 millimeters per year, but in the mountainous areas the rainfall could reach 3,000 to 5,000 millimeters per year.

TOPOGRAPHY

West Java has a characteristic as part of a volcanic belt, which spans from Sumatra Island to the northern part of Sulawesi Island. Its land can be divided into a region with steep mountains with altitude of more than 1,500 meter above the sea level in the South, moderate hill with elevation of 100 to 1,500 meters, and plain region in the north with elevation between 0 and 10 meters and river region.

GEOGRAPHICALLY

Geographically, West Java Province is situated between 5 50'-7 50' South parallels and 104 48'-104 48 East meridians.
West Java Province is bordered of:
North side: Java Sea and Jakarta
West side: Banten Province and Hindia Ocean
South side: Hindia Ocean
East side: Central Java Province.
This strategic geographical condition is an advantage for West Java particularly in communication and transportation. Northern region is plain area, while southern part is a hilly area with beaches, and the middle region is mountainous area. But after the establishment of Banten Province, the size of West Java becomes 35,746.26 kilometer square.

JAIPONG DANCE

It's call JAIPONG one of many traditional dance in west java province of Indonesia

CLASSIC DANCE

Classic dance in this write is dance that accomply with Gamelan Salendro and movement which is taken from classic dance motifs such as Lenyepan dance, Ponggawa, or mask. Kind of classic dance that is result from creation of artist dance and had populer in the past is Tari Merak, Tari Kijang, Tari Kukupu, Kartika Puspa, etc. the different between classic dance and Jaipongan dance is in its movement. Jaipongan dance dynamically and no need to base on motifs such as the move of Capang, Ukel, Tepaksoder, Jungkung Ilo, Galeong, Sirig, Gedig, etc.

Benjang Tradtional Game: Bandung, West Java

Benjang is a traditional game that is believed to have been developed in the Islamic boarding schools of Ujungberung, Cobolerang and Cinunuk districts in Bandung regency. Benjang players usually pray to have fun and for fair play before a game. The instruments used in benjang include the terbang gendang (a conical-shaped drum resting on crossbeams and beaten with the hands), the bedug (a large drum suspended horizontally) and the trumpet. Sundanese songs are also performed. Benjang is a form of sumo-like fighting in which the main aim is to push your opponent out of the arena using your shoulders as you are not allowed to use your hands.

According to historical records, the art of benjang was already popular as far back as 1820. In those days, famous benjang fighters were, among others, H. Hayat and Wiranta of Cinunuk village, Bandung. According to Ki Maman, one of the founders of a benjang group called “Ki Sunda”, benjang originally came from Ciwaru village in Ujungberung. Some other people also say this game originated in Cibolerang, Cinunuk. Even today, these two places are home to noted benjang players including Adung, Adang, Ujang Rukman, Nadi and Emun. All of them are endeavoring to preserve benjang.

Benjang is unique to West Java but shares similarities with gedou in Aceh; marsurangut in Tapanuli, North Sumatra; atol in Rembang; patol in East Java; bahempas in Banyumas and sirroto in Bugis/South Sulawesi.

In its development, benjang has undergone a slight change. Some benjang players maintain benjang as a form of traditional wrestling while for others it has become a type of entertainment featuring dancers wearing sarongs and dancing to the accompaniment of traditional music. In the latter case, some of the players might perform feats like eating broken glass or live chickens or setting red-hot coals upon their heads. When benjang players fight, they still use traditional benjang techniques such as nyentok (head butting) and ngabeulit (locking).

A benjang group usually comprises about 20 to 25 people including a referee. According to Abdul Gani, the chairman of the Bandung Benjang Association, a number of benjang players have become professional wrestlers.

Currently there are about 30 benjang clubs in Bandung municipality and its surroundings. As many as 20 benjang groups are found in Ujungberung and the rest are spread across various places in Bandung municipality and regency, including Majalaya, Cikutra and Rancaekek. As for benjang players, there are still hundreds of them now.

The benjang club led by Ki Maman in Cikutra now provides only folk entertainment. Does Ki Maman deviate from traditional benjang conventions? “Of course not as we still use the old principles of benjang as our guidelines,” he said.